The Effects of Dietary Manipulations on Ultrasound Assessment of Muscle Size and Quality: A Pilot Study
Main Article Content
Keywords
Body Composition, carbohydrate loading, creatine loading
Abstract
Introduction: This pilot study examined the effects of carbohydrate loading (CHO) and oral creatine monohydrate loading (Cr) on ultrasound measurements of the lower limbs. Methods: Twelve recreationally-active males (25.5 ± 6.2 y, 81.5 ± 9.6 kg, 180.9 ± 8.8 cm) completed baseline (BL) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and muscle ultrasound imaging of the rectus femoris (RF) and the vastus lateralis (VL). Following baseline measurements, participants completed one day of CHO loading (10g CHO/kg), and five days of Cr loading (20g/day). Following each treatment, participants reported to the lab after an overnight fast for BIA and ultrasound testing in which muscle thickness (MT), cross-sectional area (CSA) and echo intensity (EI) were assessed on the RF and VL. A repeated measures analyses of variance were used for each variable to assess differences between dietary conditions. Results: Significant main effects (p<0.05) were observed for RF and VL MT, RF CSA. RF MT increased from BL-Cr (p<0.00, +6.85%) and CHO-Cr (p=0.002, +4.59%). VL MT increased from BL- Cr (p=0.008, +6.46%) and CHO-Cr (p=0.006, +3.71%). RF CSA increased between CHO-Cr (p=0.034, +3.58%). No significant differences were seen for EI. Conclusions: These data show that acute dietary manipulations may influence muscular ultrasound measurements of MT and CSA.
References
2. Bemben MG. Use of diagnostic ultrasound for assessing muscle size. J Strength Cond Res. 2002;16(1):103-108.
3. Thomaes T, Thomis M, Onkelinx S, Coudyzer W, Cornelissen V, Vanhees L. Reliability and validity of the ultrasound technique to measure the rectus femoris muscle diameter in older CAD-patients. BMC Med Imaging. 2012;12(1):7.
4. Fukumoto Y, Ikezoe T, Yamada Y, et al. Skeletal muscle quality assessed from echo intensity is associated with muscle strength of middle-aged and elderly persons. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(4):1519- 1525.
5. Jajtner AR, Hoffman JR, Scanlon TC, et al. Performance and muscle architecture comparisons between starters and nonstarters in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I women's soccer. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(9):2355-2365.
6. Cadore EL, Izquierdo M, Conceição M, et al. Echo intensity is associated with skeletal muscle power and cardiovascular performance in elderly men. Exper Gerontol. 2012;47(6):473-478.
7. Franchi MV, Longo S, Mallinson J, et al. Muscle thickness correlates to muscle cross-sectional area in the assessment of strength training- induced hypertrophy. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017.
8. Bone JL, Ross ML, Tomcik KA, Jeacocke NA, Hopkins WG, Burke LM. Manipulation of muscle creatine and glycogen changes dual X-ray absorptiometry estimates of body composition. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(5):1029-1035.
9. Tinsley GM, Morales E, Forsse JS, Grandjean PW. Impact of Acute Dietary Manipulations on DXA and BIA Body Composition Estimates. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(4):823-832.
10. Toomey CM, McCormack WG, Jakeman P. The effect of hydration status on the measurement of lean tissue mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017;117(3):567-574.
11. Olsson KE, Saltin B. Variation in total body water with muscle glycogen changes in man. Acta Physiol. 1970;80(1):11-18.
12. Volek JS, Mazzetti SA, Farquhar WB, Barnes BR, GÓmez AL, Kraemer WJ. Physiological responses to short-term exercise in the heat after creatine loading. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(7):1101-1108.
13. Powers ME, Arnold BL, Weltman AL, et al. Creatine supplementation increases total body water without altering fluid distribution. J Athl Train. 2003;38(1):44.
14. Mendel RW, Blegen M, Cheatham C, Antonio J, Ziegenfuss T. Effects of creatine on thermoregulatory responses while exercising in the heat. Nutrition. 2005;21(3):301-307.
15. Anderson LJ, Erceg DN, Schroeder ET. Utility of multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance compared to deuterium dilution for assessment of total body water. Nutr Diet. 2015;72(2):183-189.
16. Bussau VA, Fairchild TJ, Rao A, Steele P, Fournier PA. Carbohydrate loading in human muscle: an improved 1 day protocol. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002;87(3):290-295.
17. Arnall DA, Nelson AG, Quigley J, Lex S, DeHart T, Fortune P. Supercompensated glycogen loads persist 5 days in resting trained cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;99(3):251-256.
18. Goforth HW, Laurent D, Prusaczyk WK, Schneider KE, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Effects of depletion exercise and light training on muscle glycogen supercompensation in men. American Journal of Physiology- Endocrinol Metab.. 2003;285(6):E1304-E1311.
19. Finn J, Ebert T, Withers R, et al. Effect of creatine supplementation on metabolism and performance in humans during intermittent sprint cycling. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2001;84(3):238-243.
20. Green S, Salkind N, Akey T. Methods for controlling type I error across multiple hypothesis tests. Using SPSS for Windows: Analysing and Understanding Data. 2000:395-396.
21. McBride J GMaSE. The storage of the major liver components; emphasizing the relationship of glycogen to water in the liver and the hydration of glycogen. J Biol Chem. 1941;139:943-952
22. Nygren A, Karlsson M, Norman B, Kaijser L. Effect of glycogen loading on skeletal muscle cross-sectional area and T2 relaxation time. Acta Physiol. 2001;173(4):385-390.
23. Rouillier M-A, David-Riel S, Brazeau A-S, St-Pierre DH, Karelis AD. Effect of an acute high carbohydrate diet on body composition using DXA in young men. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66(4):233-236.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright, 2024 by the authors. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.